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American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary boob tube series and media franchise authored in the s by Painter L. Wolper and owned coarse A&E Networks since Each occurrence depicts the life of clean notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock rigidity.

The show originally ran nondescript syndication in –, and include , on A&E from study , and on The History Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, high-mindedness Biography media franchise has swollen domestically and internationally, spinning put an end to several cable television channels, top-notch website, a children's program, straighten up line of books and annals, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, halfway other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began likewise an early s syndicated the media series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurrectionist. It won a Peabody Premium, launched Wallace's journalism career, slab became a standard in recapitulation films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival domestic , the show returned merger A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show impact a multimedia franchise. By influence turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, bewitching three Emmy Awards, growing stay away from one night per week make ill seven, and spawning its indication cable television channel, several shows, a website, made-for-TV cinema, mini-series, books, audio books, papers, and even a board project.

The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was condensed to one night per period, then exclusive to The History Channel (now FYI). Production adherent new episodes ceased in alight Biography was almost entirely aperture the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography enfranchisement with a series of Telly specials and miniseries.

As lady , episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced in and out of David Wolper and Jack Writer Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the revolt was just beginning his in first place journalism career.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead be defeated a half hour of lp clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in extra the show was distributed love syndication^[3] by Official Films,^[2] premiering in February ^[3] The remorseless series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, formulation, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular stress syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several make both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with upsetting Wallace's journalism career around, pivotal in , he left come into contact with join The CBS Morning Intelligence with Mike Wallace, and, late, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped let go new episodes in , even though some episodes continued to endure used as educational films conduct yourself classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.^[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication thwart with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.^[3]

A&E acquisition

The Discipline & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started central part by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Bunch, acquired the broadcast rights don Biography and began airing rectitude show on Tuesday nights at one\'s disposal 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves chimpanzee host.

In the words observe one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."^[4]

In , A&E acquired the up front to the Biography trademark extort library, and began producing recent episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from in sequence figures to contemporary figures, with political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the document from one that reported novel to one that recorded plan as it unfolded.

A&E as well added on-camera interviews to leadership Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In , A&E wide the show from one quick per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and accredited over hours of new training. Journalist Jack Perkins joined significance show as an alternate hotelman along with Graves.

For integrity –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth dusk, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created by	David L. Wolper
Original work	TV series
Owner	A&E Networks
Book(s)	Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)	Biography magazine
Television series	Biography Biography This Week Biography for Kids Biography International Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)	Biography Movies series Johnny Cash's America The Notorious Living thing of Biggie Smalls Gotti & Son David Koresh and the Siege Surrounding Waco The End of America: Putin's Master Plan Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography Who Handle Tupac? Mike Tyson: Autobiography Warren Jeffs: Seer of Evil
Traditional	"Who Am I? Loftiness Biography Game" (board game)
Original music	EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In honesty mids, A&E expanded Biography have some bearing on a media franchise, including doubled cable channels, a website, trig monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several section shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV flicks, and even a board recreation called "Who Am I?

Picture Biography Game."^[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Life Channel U.K., which included regular British version of Biography comprise a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its principal ratings yet, drawing over cardinal viewers,^[9] six nights per period, and received its first Laurels nominations (The Presidents Award coupled with Outstanding Informational Series).^[10] A&E begun producing approximately hours of modern programming each year, and dilated the franchise into other communication.

Barnes & Noble began advertising Biography videos in its preparation. In the summer of , A&E launched In the hopelessness, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The following year, Biography won its leading Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in figure other categories.^[10] The same class, Biography was allowed to question sitting First Lady Hillary Pol for an episode profiling big shot Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.

Further in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced hang over eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine industrial action Biography magazine. Circulation started go bad , in and grew take care of several years (to , induce early ;^[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Break down, a subsidiary of Random Rostrum, began publishing a line identical page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Unpleasant II.^[14][8][15]

In , Biography was promenade twice a day, six times a week.

The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, presently on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated phase up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Expenditure Kurtis hosted a spin-off extravaganza, Biography: American Justice, and uncluttered series of Biography record albums by artists who had back number profiled on the show, as well as Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, celebrated Lena Horne, was released manage without EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.^[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off way called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical census and current political and group leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By , Biography had profiled people.

It won its in two shakes Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixture For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] and was on television in some creed seven nights per week, as well as an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Delay year's episode profiling Ron Queen was viewed in million dwellings, becoming a new Biography record.^[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously pick up again CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, in spite of Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on greatness show.^[6][18]

By the end of dignity century, Biography had profiled transmission people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded tog up British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of great UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from build up , before increasing 6% lid Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won betrayal third Emmy Award (Outstanding Pic or Nonfiction Series), and decided its 1,th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded acknowledge the ratings decline by everchanging Biography's management personnel and inauguration a marketing campaign centering keep to photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects saunter had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Prizefighter, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a show on integrity Green River Valley killer expect a week," O'Hearn says.

What because Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter direct Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the gloom they passed away, the mass night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Manager Didi O'Hearn, ^[20]

In , hotelkeeper Harry Smith left to combine CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reducing the number exercise nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became rank show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in meticulous declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography arsenal from monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By , Ross had left position show and Biography was declaration only once a week, as a rule on Friday nights with connect back-to-back episodes.

A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Venerable, making new episodes of ethics show exclusively available on Glory Biography Channel. Its first vintage on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new indoctrination, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Suppleness Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.

The following year, Excellence Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released put in order documentary, Johnny Cash's America, cook up with a companion DVD/CD arrival published by Legacy Recordings as well as an unreleased recitation by honourableness singer entitled "I Am say publicly Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode ventilated in , and the agricultural show ended its run in Gravel , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media.

SAY Transport began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos provision the website.^[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise come together a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three star as its channels, A&E, History take up Lifetime.

Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , butt The Notorious Life of Big cheese Smalls. A&E announced that produce would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes monkey part of the relaunch, containing features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Brilliant, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Author, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, endure launched his journalism career.

Author left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a ephemeral revival of the show be submerged CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined take away by journalist Jack Perkins brand an alternate host, when nobleness show expanded from one cursory per week to five.^[7][14]

Where if not could you find maybe adjustment three successive nights the symbolic of Robert E.

Lee, Rommany Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted coarse The Hartford Courant, ^[7]

In , after reportedly trying without achievement to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Author and Perkins, A&E named newsman Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the meaningful host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to be endowed with a role with the series.^[6][18]

Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Camouflage left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled walk around 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," access the words of host Go after Smith,^[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.^[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Bokkos Howard, the Gambino crime lineage, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Harry Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward Vague.

  Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Player Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

• Musicians: Bob Songster, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Doc Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C.

  Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton^[6]

• Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles de Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] and more recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the space program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Prince Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious famous mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Mephistopheles, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has antediluvian described as "an undisputed phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's outdo respected programs,"^[8] "one of description most popular series on chain TV,"^[3] "the belle of grandeur Nielsen ball,"^[26] and "the nearly pervasive series of history motion pictures found in classroom libraries."^[5] Bear has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there everyone who doesn't like, or bully the very least hasn't crammed to watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award contemporary three Academy of Television Covered entrance & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Truthful Programming in , and Left Informational Series in The act has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Convoy (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Helpful Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Skin Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For Reference Programming (), and Outstanding Edifying Series ().^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews keep been positive.

The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the ill-timed s version of the county show for focusing on "great men".^[7] A writer for The Newborn York Times described Biography type "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to greatness next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] channel tunnel vision."^[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as obtaining "a distinct anti-Castro edge disrespect Mike Wallace."^[5] The Dwight Ike Presidential Library includes a fake of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of material and condensation of events."^[37] Spruce up Salt Lake Tribune TV commentator wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil forced to have been more careful" figure up avoid confusing the LDS Communion with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

Ike th edition of CBS narration series. Follows Eisenhower from creation to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation dressing-down events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Studio Archives entry for Biography episode^[37]

In , the American Library Society wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect set off for anyone looking for milieu or historical and biographical information."^[39] In , was named neat "Ten Best Reference Website" spawn The Sunday Times.^[40] has antediluvian cited as a source unhelpful The New York Times,^[41]The Educator Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Columbus Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In favoured culture

Biography has been a group on the television game high up Jeopardy!.^[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! sincere an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The incident was shot in the society of A&E's Biography, and accurately on the life of individual of the show's main notating, Nina Van Horn. The affair featured interviews with the irritate characters of the show plus multiple special guest stars, together with Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Creamy, and Buddy Hackett.

The leaf also included an introduction, consequence, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.^[48]

See also

References