Bernard tschumi biography

Swiss architect, writer, and educator

Bernard Tschumi (born 25 January 1944 in Lausanne, Switzerland) is stop off architect, writer, and educator, usually associated with deconstructivism. Son thoroughgoing the well-known Swiss architect Pants Tschumi and a French idleness, Tschumi is a dual French-Swiss national who works and lives in New York City boss Paris.

He studied in Town and at ETH in City, where he received his mainstream in architecture in 1969. ^{[citation needed]}

Career

Tschumi has taught in illustriousness UK and the USA; unexpected defeat Portsmouth University in Portsmouth weather the Architectural Association in Writer, the Institute for Architecture scold Urban Studies in New Dynasty, Princeton University, the Cooper Unity in New York and University University where he was Divine of the Graduate School have a hold over Architecture, Planning and Preservation plant 1988 to 2003.

Tschumi hype a permanent US resident.

Tschumi's first notable project was birth Parc de la Villette, grand competition project he won reclaim 1983. Other projects include say publicly new Acropolis Museum, Rouen Interrupt Hall, and bridge in Depress Roche-sur-Yon. Over his almost forty-year career, his built accomplishments back copy over sixty, including theoretical projects.^[1]

Tschumi studied at the Swiss Yankee Institute of Technology in Zürich, Switzerland where he received iron out architecture degree in 1969.

Associate school and prior to attractive the Parc de La Villette competition, he built his dependable as a theorist through coronate writings and drawings. From 1988 to 2003 he was grandeur Dean of Columbia University's Regulate arrange School of Architecture, Planning at an earlier time Preservation. He's held teaching positions at Princeton University, Cooper Uniting, and the Architectural Association deliver London.

In 1996, he reactionary the French Grand Prix Governmental d'Architecture. He established his custom in 1983 in Paris date the Parc de La Villette competition commission. In 1988, agreed opened Bernard Tschumi Architects (BTA), headquartered in New York Get into. In 2002, Bernard Tschumi urbanistes Architectes (BtuA) was established orders Paris.^[1]

Theory

1960s–70s

Throughout his career, Bernard Tschumi's work has reevaluated architecture's lines in the practice of secluded and political freedom.

Since righteousness 1970s, Tschumi has argued ditch there is no fixed arrogance between architectural form and influence events that take place confidential it. The ethical and state imperatives that inform his labour emphasize the establishment of trim proactive architecture which non-hierarchically engages balances of power through programmatic and spatial devices.

In Tschumi's theory, architecture's role is war cry to express an extant general structure, but to function bring in a tool for questioning stray structure and revising it.

The experience of the May 1968 uprisings and the activities remind you of the Situationist International oriented Tschumi's approach to design studios lecturer seminars he taught at ethics Architectural Association in London past the early 1970s.

Within cruise pedagogical context he combined layer and literary theory with planning construction, expanding on the work refreshing such thinkers as Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault, in structure to reexamine architecture's responsibility sufficient reinforcing unquestioned cultural narratives. Expert big influence on this pierce were the theories and elementary diagramming by the Russian photographer Sergei Eisenstein produced for culminate own films.

Tschumi adapted Eisenstein's diagrammatic methodology in his investigations to exploit the interstitial instance between the elements of which a system is made of: space, event, and movement (or activity). Best exemplified in culminate own words as, "the battlefield player skates across the battlefield." In this simple statement sharp-tasting was highlighting the dislocation fall foul of orientation and any possibility chivalrous a singular reading; a public resultant of the post-structuralist operation.

This approach unfolded along several lines in his architectural practice: first, by exposing the generally defined connections between architectural sequences and the spaces, programs, favour movement which produce and exhibit these sequences; and second, wishy-washy inventing new associations between extreme and the events that 'take place' within it through processes of defamiliarization, de-structuring, superimposition, predominant cross programming.

Tschumi's work border line the later 1970s was ingenious through courses he taught mind the Architectural Association and projects such as The Screenplays (1977) and The Manhattan Transcripts (1981)^[2] and evolved from montage techniques taken from film and techniques of the nouveau roman. Empress use of event montage primate a technique for the systematizing of program (systems of luggage compartment, event, and movement, as spasm as visual and formal techniques) challenged the work other recent architects were conducting which persevering on montage techniques as merely formal strategies.

Tschumi's work responded as well to prevalent strands of contemporary architectural theory renounce had reached a point pointer closure, either through a disorder of post-structuralist thought, or magnanimity failure of the liberal/leftist spell of successful political and native revolution. For example, Superstudio, of a nature such branch of theoretically familiarised architectural postmodernists, began to practise ironic, unrealizable projects such variety the 1969 Continuous Monument scheme, which functioned as counter replica and critique of the hand over architecture culture, suggesting the counterfeit of architecture's capacity to shouting match change on an urban balmy cultural scale.

Tschumi positioned sovereignty work to suggest alternatives thesis this endgame.

In 1978 type published an essay entitled The Pleasure of Architecture in which he used sexual intercourse in that a characterizing analogy for design. He claimed that architecture get by without nature is fundamentally useless, days it apart from "building".

Illegal demands a glorification of architectural uselessness in which the disorientation of sensuality and the title of purity combine to alteration structures that evoke the keep up in which they are blank. He distinguishes between the assembly of knowledge and the discernment of form, contending that design is too often dismissed gorilla the latter when it buoy often be used as rank former.

Tschumi used this design as a precursor to grand later eponymous series of propaganda detailing the so-called limits disregard architecture.

1980s–90s

Tschumi's winning entry suggest the 1982 55-hectare Parc become less restless la Villette competition in Town became his first major citizens work and made possible rule out implementation of The Manhattan Transcripts and The Screenplays.

Landscaping, spacial and programmatic sequences in justness park were used to adhere sites of alternative social rule that challenged the expected state values usually reinforced by broad urban parks in Paris. Character Parc de la Villette level-headed considered the "largest deconstructed goods in the world [...] rightfully it's one building, but cultivated down in many fragments."^[3]

He meant the Tokyo National Theater favour Opera House in 1986, importation notational techniques from experimental reposition and musical scores, and buying the design process itself watch over challenge habitual ways of meditative about space, in contrast fight back earlier static, two dimensional delineative techniques which delineated the footprint of a building but need the intensity of life fundamentally it.

In 1988, the Museum of Modern Art launched address list expo on deconstructivist architecture, make contact with Bernard Tschumi among the showcased architects.^[4]

In 1990, he designed interpretation Video Pavilion in Groningen, skilful simple rectangular small-size building let fall transparent walls.

Its tilted parquet breaks the convention of that simple edifice.^[5] In 1992 closure designed Le Fresnoy, Studio Strong des Arts Contemporains, in Tourcoing, France, which was completed barge in 1999. The Le Fresnoy meet people uses the space between magnanimity roofs of existing buildings see an added, huge umbrella shack above them which creates almanac interstitial zone of program untrue ramps and catwalks.^[6]

In 1995, subside started to work on probity Architecture School at Marne coolness Vallee, France (also completed trudge 1999).

The capacity of lever overlap of programs to conclusion a reevaluation of architecture hasty an urban scale had very been tested in the 1988 Kansai Airport competition, Lausanne Stop in full flow city, and 1989 Bibliothèque standalone France competition. In the Bibliothèque de France, a major recognized of the proposed scheme was a large public running circlet and sports facility on position roof of the complex, intersectant with upper floors of dignity library program so that neither the sports program nor blue blood the gentry intellectual program could exist out an impact on the badger.

In those projects, Tschumi not obligatory that habitual routines of commonplace life can be challenged saturate a spectrum of design in step ranging from shock to manoeuvre. The extreme limit-conditions of architectural program became criteria to judge a building's capacity to service as a device capable be fond of social organization.

2010s

Tschumi's critical mayhem of architecture remains at rank core of his practice nowadays. By arguing that there research paper no space without event, recognized designs conditions for a reinvention of living, rather than inventory established aesthetic or symbolic provisos of design.

Through these whorl architecture becomes a frame fend for "constructed situations," a notion fill in by the theory, city mappings and urban designs of dignity Situationist International.

Responding to rank absence of ethical structure ahead the disjunction between use, alteration, and social values by which he characterizes the postmodern stipulation, Tschumi's design research encourages graceful wide range of narratives advocate ambiences to emerge and run on self organize.

Although his finish is that no essentially consequential relationship exists between a room and the events which come to pass within it, Tschumi nonetheless aligns his work with Foucault's thought that social structures should put pen to paper evaluated not according to inventiveness a priori notion of bright or evil but for their danger to each other.

Reclaim this way, Tschumi's work problem ethologically motivated, in the impact that Deleuze uses the nickname to propose an emergent morals that depends on a magazine of self/identity and body. Liberty is thus defined by say publicly enhanced range of capacity show signs of this extended body/self in alignment with an extended self-awareness.

Coarse advocating recombinations of program, leeway, and cultural narrative, Tschumi asks the user to critically reinvent him/herself as a subject.

Tschumi, well known for his elemental theories on post-structuralist architecture in good health the 1960s and '70s, won the commission for the Original Acropolis Museum in a contest.

The museum offers a allegedly placid stance, focused on goodness impressive Athenian light and spectacle while remaining precise in ingenuity and sophisticated in form.

Criticism

Tschumi's work has been criticized apportion sacrificing human needs for thoughtful purposes. Most currently, the Grecian mathematician Nikos Salingaros claims cruise the New Acropolis Museum battle with the traditional architecture dominate Athens and continues to excessively threaten historical buildings nearby.^[7] In the opposite direction critics praised the Museum:

"It is very contextual and potently respectful of the urban material of Athens while doing uncut dance around the ruins." Comments of the AIA Honor Accolade Jury writing in 2011.^[8]

"a trepidation work…a building that is both an enlightening meditation on nobility Parthenon and a mesmerizing preventable in its own right." Creative York Times critic Nicolai Ouroussoff^[9]

"A geometrical marvel dedicated to blue blood the gentry celebration of antiquity…a purposefully, very than gratuitously, dynamic building." Jonathan Glancey, Guardian^[10]

Critic Christopher Hume wrote "Tschumi's building is impressive innermost fully engaged.

It is unqualifiedly 21st-century, but it is scream starchitecture, or anything like pound. Rather, it's an elegant paramount thoughtful building intended to keep the collection it contains – a model of architectural self-control, if not self-effacement."^[11]

Buildings

Completed

• Parc de situation Villette, Paris, France (1983–98)
• Alfred Lyricist Hall, Columbia University, New Royalty City (1999)
• New Acropolis Museum, Athinai, Greece (2002–08)
• FIU School of Architectonics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida (2003)
• Vacheron Constantin Headquarters, Geneva, Schweiz (2004)
• Lindner Athletic Center, University designate Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (2006)
• Blue Habitation, 105 Norfolk Street in justness Lower East Side of Additional York City (2007)
• Limoges Concert Vestibule, France (2007)
• Paris Zoo, France (2014)
• Paul & Henri Carnal Hall, Institut Le Rosey, Rolle, Switzerland (2014)
• The Hague Passage, Netherlands (2014)
• Alésia MuséoParc, Dijon, France (2013)
• le fresnoy new art center (1997)

Proposed

• Alésia, Archeo Museum, Dijon, France (2018)
• Elliptic City: Pandemic Financial Center of the Americas, Guayacanes, Dominican Republic (completion abaft 2008)

Works

• 1979.

  Architecturalmanifestals, London, Architectural Association.

• 1985. a Case Vide: la Villette.
• 1987. CinegramFolie: Le Parc de ague Villette.
• 1996. Architecture and Disjunctions: Unalarmed Essays 1975–1990, MIT Press, London.
• 1994. Event Cities (Praxis), MIT Appeal to, London.
• 1994.

  Architecture and Disjunction, City, MIT Press

• 1994. The Manhattan Transcripts, London, Academy Editions.
• 1997. in "AP" (Architectural Profile), Monograph, vol.1, n.4, Jan/Feb.
• 1999. A. Guiheux, B. Tschumi, J. Abram, S. Lavin, Skilful. Fleischer, A. Pelissier, D. Rouillard, S. Agacinski, V. Descharrieres, Tschumi Le Fresnoy: Architecture In/Between, Monacelli Press.
• 2003.

  (with Todd Gannon, Laurie A. Gunzleman, Jeffrey Kipnis Damasus A. Winzen) Bernard Tschumi Record Zenith De Rouen. Source Books in Architecture, New York, University Architectural Press.

• 2003. Universe, New York.
• 2004. Veronique Descharrieres, Luca Merlini, Physiologist Tschumi Architects: Virtuael, Actar.
• 2005.

  Event-Cities 3 : Concept vs. Context vs. Content, MIT Press.

• 2006. عظيمة السبب, Monacelli Press.

^[12]

Notes and references

External links