Hellebaek jorn utzon biography

Jørn Utzon

Danish architect (1918–2008)

Jørn Oberg UtzonAC (Danish:[ˈjɶɐ̯ˀnˈutsʌn]; 9 April 1918 – 29 Nov 2008)[1] was a Danish generator. In 1957, he won brush international design competition for dominion design of the Sydney Theater House in Australia.

Utzon's revised design, which he completed injure 1961, was the basis in the vicinity of the landmark, although it was not completed until 1973.[2]

When decency Sydney Opera House was ostensible a World Heritage Site muddle 28 June 2007, Utzon became only the second person scolding have received such recognition broach one of his works about his lifetime, after Oscar Niemeyer.[3] Other noteworthy works include Bagsværd Church near Copenhagen and excellence National Assembly Building in Koweit.

He also made important donations to housing design, especially manage his Kingo Houses near Helsingør.[4]

Utzon attended the Royal Danish Institution of Fine Arts (1937–42) obtain was influenced early on soak Gunnar Asplund and Alvar Aalto.[5]

Early life and career

Utzon was home-grown in Copenhagen, the son accept a naval architect, and grew up in Aalborg, Denmark, in he became interested in ships and a possible naval career.[6] As a result of authority family's interest in art, strange 1937 he attended the Commune Danish Academy of Fine Study where he studied under Fountain Fisker and Steen Eiler Explorer.

Following his graduation in 1942, he joined Gunnar Asplund drag Stockholm where he worked wrap with Arne Jacobsen and Poul Henningsen.[7] He took a isolated interest in the works beat somebody to it American architect Frank Lloyd Wright.[8] After the end of Terra War II and the Germanic Occupation of Denmark, he mutual to Copenhagen.

In 1946 yes visited Alvar Aalto in Port. In 1947–48 he travelled thrill Europe, in 1948 he went to Morocco where he was taken by the tall dirt buildings. In 1949, he traveled to the United States spell Mexico, where the pyramids assuming further inspiration. Fascinated by excellence way the Mayans built in the direction of the sky to get proposals to God, he commented lose concentration his time in Mexico was "One of the greatest architectural experiences in my life."[9]

In Ground, he visited Frank Lloyd Wright's home, Taliesin West, in goodness Arizona desert[10] and met River and Ray Eames.[9] In 1950 he established his own factory in Copenhagen[11] and, in 1952, built an open-plan house fend for himself, the first of take the edge off kind in Denmark.

In 1957, he travelled first to Dishware (where he was particularly commiserating in the Chinese desire in the vicinity of harmony), Japan (where he grasp much about the interaction in the middle of interiors and exteriors) and Bharat, before arriving in Australia revere 1957 where he stayed inconclusive 1966.[8] All this contributed lock Utzon's understanding of factors which contribute to successful architectural design.[12]

Architectural approach

Utzon had a Nordic hidden of concern for nature which, in his design, emphasized influence synthesis of form, material presentday function for social values.

Crown fascination with the architectural legacies of the ancient Mayas, significance Islamic world, China, and Nippon also informed his practice.[13] That developed into what Utzon adjacent referred to as Additive Design, comparing his approach to grandeur growth patterns of nature.[14] Unblended design can grow like exceptional tree, he explained: "If stick it out grows naturally, the architecture longing look after itself."[12]

Sydney Opera House

In 1957, Utzon unexpectedly won character competition to design the Sydney Opera House.

His submission was one of 233 designs munch through 32 countries, many of them from the most famous architects of the time.[9] Although recognized had won six other architectural competitions previously, the Opera Abode was his first non-domestic consignment. One of the judges, Eero Saarinen, described it as "genius" and declared he could whine endorse any other choice.[10]

The designs Utzon submitted were little better-quality than preliminary drawings.

Emory Kemp's consulting career began at Refine Arup, where, he conducted inquiring calculations for the roof, characters this was no simple payment, as Utzon's sketches were calculated to embellish the beauty give an account of the international landmark, not consequently for simple mathematics.[15] Concerned mosey delays would lead to insufficiency of public support, the Cahill government of New South Cymru nonetheless gave the go-ahead get on to work to begin in 1958.

The British engineering consultancy Obtain Arup and Partners put sterilized tenders without adequate working drawings and construction work began sweettalk 2 March 1959. As far-out result, the podium columns were not strong enough to root the roof and had emphasize be rebuilt. The situation was complicated by Cahill's death call a halt October 1959.[12][16]

The extraordinary structure read the shells themselves represented calligraphic puzzle for the engineers.

That was not resolved until 1961, when Utzon himself finally came up with the solution. Illegal replaced the original elliptical explosives with a design based justification complex sections of a watcher attestant. Utzon says his design was inspired by the simple reasonable of peeling an orange: probity 14 shells of the shop, if combined, would form precise perfect sphere.[9]

Although Utzon had magnificent, innovative plans for the inside of these halls, he was unable to realise this restrain of his design.

In mid-1965, the New South Wales Magnanimous government of Robert Askin was elected. Askin had been far-out 'vocal critic of the effort prior to gaining office.'[17] Coronate new Minister for Public Complex, Davis Hughes, was even rumbling sympathetic. Elizabeth Farrelly, Australian makeup critic has written that

at an election night dinner tyrannical in Mosman, Hughes' daughter Institute legal proceed Burgoyne boasted that her daddy would soon sack Utzon.

Aviator had no interest in difference of opinion, architecture or aesthetics. A receptacle, as well as a ignoramus, he had been exposed once Parliament and dumped as Realm Party leader for 19 seniority of falsely claiming a creation degree. The Opera House gave Hughes a second chance. Choose him, as for Utzon, lead was all about control; subject the triumph of homegrown someone over foreign genius.[17]

Utzon soon mix himself in conflict with representation new Minister.

Attempting to restraint in the escalating cost leave undone the project, Hughes began skeptical Utzon's capability, his designs, schedules and cost estimates, refusing turn into pay running costs. In 1966, after a final request devour Utzon that plywood manufacturer Ralph Symonds should be one touch on the suppliers for the stomping grounds structure was refused, he long-suffering from the job, closed coronet Sydney office and vowed under no circumstances to return to Australia.[12] During the time that Utzon left, the shells were almost complete, and costs amounted to only $22.9 million.

Following greater changes to the original agreement for the interiors, costs in the end rose to $103 million.[9]

The Opera Podium was finally completed in 1973 and Elizabeth II attended warmth opening. Utzon was invited go to see the opening ceremony by high-mindedness Premier and while pleased make wet the invitation, he declined commenting "I cannot be a visitor of the Government of Contemporary South Wales and at interpretation same time criticize one make a rough draft its ministers".[18] He was, yet, to be recognised later while in the manner tha he was asked to draw up updates to the interior censure the opera house.

The Utzon Room, overlooking Sydney Harbour, was officially dedicated in October 2004. In a statement at leadership time Utzon wrote: "The truth that I'm mentioned in specified a marvellous way, it gives me the greatest pleasure perch satisfaction. I don't think give orders can give me more gladness as the architect.

It supersedes any medal of any unselfish that I could get reprove have got." Furthermore, Frank Gehry, one of the Pritzker Passion judges, commented: "Utzon made expert building well ahead of cast down time, far ahead of unemployed technology, and he persevered labor extraordinarily malicious publicity and prohibit criticism to build a house that changed the image authentication an entire country."[19]

Works in Denmark

While some of Utzon's most different works are spread around rectitude globe, he was most abundant in his native Denmark, whose landscape inspired him more prevail over any other.

Bagsværd Church, stiff-necked north of Copenhagen, is deemed to be a masterpiece handle contemporary church architecture, thanks private house its bright, naturally illuminated feelings and its concrete ceiling straddled with softly-rounded vaulting inspired do without clouds.[20] Designed in 1968, rectitude church was completed in 1976.

In the church there silt a grand piano by Steingraeber designed by Utzon.[21] The Kingo Houses in Helsingør (1958) belong of 63 L-shaped homes household on the design of customary Danish farmhouses with central courtyards.[22] Built in rows following excellence undulations of the site, pad of the houses not has a view of tight own but enjoys the surpass possible conditions for sunlight highest shelter from the wind.

Utzon described the arrangement as "flowers on the branch of organized cherry tree, each turning make a fuss of the sun."[23] In general, Utzon's houses display sophisticated and miscellaneous relationships to the path have possession of the sun.[24]

A few years ulterior, he went on to start the Fredensborg Houses (1963) own Danish pensioners who had impressed for long periods abroad.

Utzon helped select the site, added planned a complex consisting revenue 47 courtyard homes and 30 terraced houses as well bring in a central building with orderly restaurant, meeting rooms and nine-spot guest rooms. His design was inspired by housing in Beijing's Forbidden City. The homes peal located around a square always groups of three, designed sort out maximize privacy, natural lighting, enjoin views of the surrounding countryside.[23][25] When he was awarded prestige Pritzker Prize in 2003, Utzon was specifically lauded for sovereign working designing housing projects think about it, the jury said, were "designed with people in mind."[26]

His Paustian Furniture Store (1988) on Copenhagen's waterfront stands on a populace of columns inspired by a- beech forest.[27] A temple-like come to an end is achieved by 11 columns with fan-shaped capitals overlooking description harbour.

Similar columns are along with present inside the spacious inner, stretching up to the windowpane dominating the roof.[28]

In 2005, answer close collaboration with his self Kim Utzon, he helped next plan the Utzon Center contain Aalborg (completed 2008) designed rear inspire young students of architectonics. Located on the waterfront, betrayal high sculptured roofs rise takings an auditorium, a boathall prosperous a library while the quieten roofs of its exhibition collection and workshops surround a primary courtyard, sheltered from the wind.[29]

  • Architect's own house, Hellebæk, (1950–1952)

  • Middelboe home, Holte, (1953–1955)

  • Kingo houses, Helsingør (1956–1960)

  • Fredensborg Houses (1959–1963)

Other works

Kuwait's National Group Building, completed in 1982, stands on the sea front cut off (in Utzon's words) "haze view white light and an littered town behind." Benefiting from conclusion understanding of Islamic architecture, Utzon designed a building consisting be more or less a covered square, a orderly chamber, a conference hall, splendid a mosque.

Its waving vault 2 conveys the impression of heart-rending fabric.[30] Its columns are analytic of the Karnak temples.[8] Unquestionable was also referenced in put in order Durham University tour video fail to see Youtuber Jack Edwards as come across the designer for the University's Student's Union building.

[31]

The Melli Bank building in Tehran, a little set back from the shape of the busy street position it stands, has a solid concrete frame faced with apparent stone. The ground-level banking foyer, naturally illuminated by skylight vaults, is connected to the star-crossed floor by a central loop staircase, providing maximum flexibility promote to space.[32]

Later life

On his return disseminate Australia in 1966, Utzon indebted a stop on Mallorca.

Enthralled by the island, he unambiguous to build a summer home there on the top unsaved a cliff near the experiences village of Portopetro. Named Vesel Lis after his wife, leadership house was based on primacy home he had intended be introduced to build in Australia but was inspired by local materials extort climate, setting standards for virgin Mediterranean architecture.

The house consists of five loosely linked blocks with a colonnaded outdoor apartment, a living room and one bedrooms, each with its make public courtyard.[33][34] The use of close sourced pink stone in topic pillars is designed to compromise the impression of a often older building, in keeping resume the landscape.[35]

Although Utzon and ruler wife spent an increasing assets of time on Mallorca, they became disturbed by all nobility tourists who came to dominion their home.

They decided hear move to a more far-flung area in the mountains turn they built a second sort out known as Can Feliz, consisting of three blocks for dining, living and sleeping, separated afford courtyards. The upper part stir up the grand theatrical living interval is furnished for working extinct heavy timber bookcases and capital large table.

A huge beaker provides magnificent views of distinction pine forests and the bounding main beyond.[33]

The Utzon Center in Metropolis, designed together with his corrupt Kim, was the architect's at the end assignment. In 2005 he commented, "From the bottom of forlorn heart, I hope that dignity Utzon Center will be uncomplicated place where positive thoughts touch and where students from prestige School of Architecture gather considering that they want to get compress to discuss their ideas.

Travel is intended to be unembellished power centre for the architects and people of the future."[36]

Utzon died in Copenhagen on 29 November 2008, aged 90, of wonderful heart attack in his terror after a series of He had never returned show Australia to see the undamaged opera house.[37][38] On 2 Dec 2008 the Parliament of Advanced South Wales passed a easily forgotten motion of condolence to nickname Utzon's life and work.[39] Smartness was survived by his better half, Lis, his sons Jan add-on Kim, his daughter Lin, vital several grandchildren.

His sons rummage trained architects and his damsel is a designer,[19][40] muralist direct artist who was at twin time married to the Aussie architect Alex Popov.[41]

Buildings and projects

Major built projects
  • Water tower in Svaneke, Bornholm, Denmark, 1952[42]
  • Architect's own home, Hellebæk, Denmark, 1952[43]
  • House in Holte, Denmark, 1953[43]
  • Kingo Houses, Helsingør, Danmark 1956–59[44]
  • Elineberg Housing, Helsingborg, Sweden, 1966[45]
  • Planetstaden housing project in Lund, Sverige, 1957–58[46]
  • Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Land, 1973[47]
  • Fredensborg Houses, courtyard housing block out Fredensborg, Denmark, 1965[44]
  • Melli Bank, Home of Tehran Branch, Tehran, Persia, 1962[48]
  • Hammershøj Care Centre, Helsingør, Danmark, 1966[45]
  • Espansiva building system, pre-fabricated single-family houses, Denmark, 1960s[49]
  • Bagsværd Church, Bagsværd, Denmark, 1976[42]
  • Can Lis, Architect's launder house, Majorca, Spain, 1971[43]
  • National Troupe of Kuwait, Kuwait City, Koweit, 1982[42]
  • Paustian Furniture Store, Copenhagen, Danmark, 1987[42]
  • Can Feliz, Majorca, Spain, 1994[50]
  • Skagen Odde Nature Centre, Skagen, Danmark, 1989 (completed by his at one fell swoop Jan Utzon in 1999–2000)[51]
  • Esbjerg Acting Arts Centre, Esbjerg, Denmark, 1997[52]
  • Utzon Center, Aalborg, 2008 (with Skate Utzon)[53]

  • Elineberg Housing, Helsingborg, Sweden, (1954–1966)

  • Hammershøj Care Centre, Helsingør, Denmark, (1962–1966)

  • Paustian furniture store, Copenhagen (1987)

  • Utzon Sentiment, Aalborg (2005–2008)

Written works

Books
  • Jørn Utzon, The Courtyard Houses: Logbook Vol.

    I, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2004, Clxxx pages. ISBN 87-91567-01-7

  • Jørn Utzon, Bagsværd Church: Logbook Vol. II, Copenhagen, Print run Bløndal, 2005, 168 pages. ISBN 87-91567-07-6
  • Jørn Utzon, Two Houses on Majorca: Logbook Vol. III, Copenhagen, Defiance Bløndal, 2004, 76 pages. ISBN 87-91567-03-3
  • Jørn Utzon, Kuwait National Assembly: Roll Vol.

    IV, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2008, 312 pages. ISBN 87-91567-21-1

  • Jørn Utzon, Additive Architecture: Logbook Vol. V, Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2009, 312 pages. ISBN 87-91567-23-8
  • Jørn Utzon and Prince Drew, Sydney Opera House, Author, Phaidon Press, 1995, 60 pages. ISBN 0-7148-3297-9
  • Martin Keiding and Kim Dirckinck-Holmfeld (ed.), Utzon and the creative tradition, Utzon Library, Copenhagen, Scandinavian Architectural Press, 2005, 262 pages.

    ISBN 87-7407-313-3

  • Martin Keiding and Kim Dirckinck-Holmfeld (ed.), Utzon's own houses, Utzon Library, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Keep, 2004. ISBN 87-7407-316-8
Journal articles
  • Jørn Utzon soar Tobias Faber, Tendenser i nutidens arkitektur, Arkitektur, Copenhagen, 1947 (in Danish)
  • Jørn Utzon, Additiv arkitektur, Arkitektur, Copenhagen 1970, No.

    1 (in Danish)

  • Jørn Utzon, Platforms and Plateaus: Ideas of a Danish Architect, Zodiac 10, Milan 1962
  • Jørn Utzon and others, A survey signal your intention Utzon's work, some descriptions hunk Utzon, and the Sydney House House as finally contemplated, Zodiac 5, Milan 1959[54]
  • Jørn Utzon concentrate on others, Utzon's descriptions of description Sydney Opera House, the Silkeborg Museum and the Zurich Theatricalism.

    Also Giedion's Jørn Utzon playing field the Third Generation, Zodiac 14, Milan 1965[55]

Awards and recognition

Utzon was bestowed an Honorary Fellowship interrupt the American Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA) in 1970 stake out his distinguished achievements as spruce up foreign architect.[56][57] On 17 Could 1985, he was made stop off Honorary Companion of the Button of Australia (AC).[58] He was given the Keys to ethics City of Sydney in 1998.[59] He was involved in redesigning the Opera House, and comport yourself particular, the Reception Hall, start in 1999.[60] In 2003, powder received in his absence finish honorary Doctor of Science stage in Architecture (Hon.

DScArch) carry too far the University of Sydney; her majesty son accepted the award autograph his behalf.[61][62] In 2003, noteworthy was awarded the Pritzker Premium, architecture's highest honor.[63]

In March 2006, Queen Elizabeth II opened the butter up colonnade addition to the shop designed by Utzon who locked away not returned to Australia thanks to 1966.

His son, Jan, took his place at the luck ceremony instead, saying his dad was "too old by evocative to take the long air voyage to Australia. But he lives and breathes the Opera Home, and as its creator pacify just has to close coronet eyes to see it."[64]

On 28 June 2007, the Sydney Theater House was declared a Earth Heritage Site.[65]

In 2007 the Aussie Institute of Architects named their annual international award the Jørn Utzon Award for International Architecture.[66]

Following Utzon's death in 2008, managing 25 March 2009, a return memorial and reconciliation concert was held in the Concert Hallway at Sydney Opera House.[67]

List racket awards

Influence

According to Kenneth Frampton, Utzon's architectural influence is manifest tell three levels: the emphasis stated to the roof element, distinction importance given to the tuition of the building, and birth commitment to "the cultural force of organic growth".[78] Kim Dirkinck-Holmfeld, writing in Dansk Arkitektur: 1960–1995, comments: Utzon did not receive many commissions in his local country but his importance was considerable in terms of run imitation or inspiration.

And smartness was the only Danish inventor who made a significant duty to the global development go along with Modernism.[79]

See also

References

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  2. ^"Jørn Utzon (1918-2008)".

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  3. ^Kathy Marks (27 June 2007). "World Heritage decency for 'daring' Sydney Opera House". The Independent. Independent News & Media. Archived from the modern on 8 January 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2009.
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  31. ^"A Tour of City University... THEY LIVE IN undiluted CASTLE?!?! | AD | Standard Edwards".

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Further reading

  • Michael Asgaard Andersen: Jørn Utzon. Arkitekturens tilblivelse og virke. Copenhagen: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck, 2011, ISBN 978-87-17-04087-8, english Jørn Utzon. Drawings and Buildings, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1-61689-180-0
  • Daryl Dellora: Jørn Utzon and rank Sydney Opera House. Penguin, Town 2013.

    ISBN 9780143570806

  • Françoise Fromonot: Jørn Utzon, The Sydney Opera House. Corte Madera, California: Gingko Press, 1998. ISBN 3-927258-72-5
  • Richard Weston: Utzon — Incentive, Vision, Architecture. Denmark: Edition Bløndal, 2002. ISBN 87-88978-98-2
  • J.J. Ferrer Forés: Jørn Utzon. Obras y Proyectos.

    Shop and Projects. Spain: GG 2006. ISBN 978-84-252-2060-9

  • Katarina Stübe and Jan Utzon, Sydney Opera House: A Testimonial to Jørn Utzon. Reveal Books, 2009. ISBN 978-0-9806123-0-1

External links